Academic
A 1970 study of photocopying at the University of Toronto Library (Canada) (photocopies are made by library staff rather than by patrons) during a 2-week period and involving 1,768 items (21,483 pages) showed that, of the pages copied, 11% were from Canadian publications, 45% from U.S. publications, 17% from British publications, and 26% from “other” publications. (Source)
Ibid…. showed that372 (21.0%) of the items photocopied were monographs; 1,334 (75.5%) were serials; 53 (3%) were government publications; 8 (0.5%) were theses; and 1 was “other.” (Source)
Ibid…. showed thatthe numbers of items photocopied per publisher were as follows:
1 item per publisher 909 (51.32%) items
2-5 items per publisher 450 (25.45%) items
6+ items per publisher 409 (23.13%) items
Further, in only 3 cases out of 1,768 was the same article photocopied more than once; in 2 cases the article was copied twice; and in 1 case the article was copied 7 times. (Source)
Ibid…. showed that, of 1,612 items for which the date of publication was known, the distribution was as follows:
published after 1900 96.5% of total
published after 1950 77.0% of total
published after 1960 56.0% of total
published after 1965 37.0% of total
published after 1969 14.3% of total (Source)
Ibid…. showed thatphotocopies distributed by patron type were as follows:
other libraries 592 (33.48%) of total
graduate students 452 (25.57%) of total
undergraduate students 390 (22.06%) of total
faculty 154 (8.71%) of total
general public 79 (4.47%) of total
l library-collection 53 (2.99%) of total
library-staff 48 (2.72%) of total (Source)
Ibid…. showed that32% of the photocopied items were available at some time through a Canadian agency (i.e., a Canadian publisher or vendor); 12.7% of the photocopied items were Canadian titles; and 0.6% of the photocopied items were Canadian in-print books. (Source)
A study reported in 1980 at the Health Sciences Library of the University of California, San Francisco, over a 21-week period in 1979 to determine the effects of limiting journal circulation showed that,when a 5-year backfile of all first-copy journals was made non-circulating, the average weekly circulation dropped 40.8% (from 2,971 items per week to 1,759 items per week), while the average in-house copying increased 135.7% (from 1,938 article equivalents, i.e., total copying divided by 8.5, to 4,567 article equivalents). (Source)
Special
A study reported in 1980 at the Health Sciences Library of the University of California, San Franscisco, over a 21-week period in 1979 to determine the effects of limiting journal circulation showed that, when a 5-year backfile of all first-copy journals was made noncirculating, the average weekly circulation dropped 40.8% (from 2,971 items per week to 1,759 items per week), while the average in-house copying increased 135.7% (from 1,938 article equivalents, i.e., total copying divided by 8.5, to 4,567 article equivalents). (Source)